Shortly before midnight on Sunday 14th April 1912, RMS Titanic struck an iceberg in the North Atlantic and sank at 2.17 am. What made this tragedy particularly shocking at the time was that Titanic was widely believed to be unsinkable - by passengers, crew and by the public at large.
Today Darwin’s theory of evolution enjoys a similar “unsinkable” reputation in the public square.
The thesis of the book is that 19th century Darwinian science, developing as it did in an age that also gave rise to supreme confidence in Titanic’s unsinkability, has collided with the ‘iceberg’ of 21st century molecular biology. We conduct an inquiry into the evidence and its worldview implications.
RMS Titanic sank because five watertight compartments were punctured by the collision with the iceberg (she was designed to stay afloat if up to only four of the for’ard compartments had been breached). It was then a mathematical certainty that Titanic would sink as the water overflowed one bulkhead after another.
What if – just as design flaws rendered Titanic unsinkable only in a limited sense – what if the science underpinning the theory of evolution turns out to be valid only in a strictly limited sense?
The amazing discoveries in the late 20th and especially in the early 21st century – of the exquisite micro-molecular machinery and organisational complexity, together with the hierarchical layers of regulatory control systems inside living cells – have become Evolution’s ‘iceberg’.
In this highly accessible account, we investigate five failed predictions of neo-Darwinism now that RMS Evolution has collided with the ‘molecular biology iceberg’. Just as Titanic sank because five watertight compartments were breached by the iceberg, we go down ‘below decks’ to inspect the damage inside five putatively watertight compartments—five different strands of evidence claimed to support the theory of evolution—the origin of life; the power of natural selection to invent; the fossil record; embryology and genetics; and human evolution.
As we venture below decks to survey the damage to these five evolutionary predictions, we discover that, while genetic mutations and natural selection are indeed real phenomena, this Darwinian mechanism does not have the power claimed of it to generate the astonishing information content in DNA, proteins and in other biological building blocks. We discover that biological systems capable of even basic function (and there must be some level of functionality for natural selection to operate upon) are exceedingly rare and beyond the reach of random genetic mutations filtered by natural selection.
Prologue - this tells the story of Titanic. Occasional allusions to the Titanic metaphor throughout help illuminate and elucidate the science.
Introduction
PART 1 – DON’T ROCK THE BOAT! Critiquing evolution is not anti-science
We begin by exploring questions like: What is “science”? What is “evolution”? Has “science" ever got things wrong? Do all scientific disciplines speak with equal authority?
PART 2 – DAMAGE BELOW DECKS! Five failed predictions of neo-Darwinian theory
Here we investigate the five failed predictions as outlined above.
PART 3 – SHE’S SINKING! But few people know this, or that there’s a better theory
In Part 3 we ask why it is that most ‘smart’ people still believe the grand claims of evolution to be true and why our academic, media and educational institutions still fervently promote the orthodox paradigm while failing to present the counter-evidence. We’ll also explore a theory that better explains the origin of biological information – Intelligent Design.
Epilogue: The real tree-of-life
Appendix A: Evolution’s protagonists and their religious views
Appendix B: The ideology of evolutionism
Notes, Credits and Permissions
1. Stephen J. Gould, The Panda’s Thumb, p. 151.
2. Steven Stanley, Macroevolution: Pattern and Process, p. 39.
3. David Pilbeam, quoted in Richard Leakey, The Making of Mankind, p. 43.
Titanic image: John Parrot / Stocktrek Images via Getty Images, GettyImages-640971129. License No. 2087727018.
Titanic side plan. Image ID: PC4HXP, History and Art Collection / Alamy Stock Photo. License No. OY74667416.
Myoglobin image courtesy of Opabinia regalis, [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons.
Monument Valley, courtesy of Moritz Zimmermann [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons.
Trilobite (Paradoxides), courtesy of Dwergenpaartje [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons. Marrella reconstruction, courtesy of J. T. Haug et al. [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons. Opabinia restoration, courtesy of N. Tamura [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons. Hallucigenia, courtesy of Qohelet12 [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons.
Amphibian and reptile embryology diagram with the kind permission of David Swift, from his website “Evolution under the microscope”. See Useful Links.
March of Progress, [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons.